[Comparison of durability of cardiac bioprosthetic valves between pregnant and non pregnant patients]

Since anticoagulant therapy during pregnancy has high fetal and maternal risks, using bioprostheses valve is recommended for young women with cardiac valve disease who hope to have Children. Evaluation of the effect of pregnancy on the rate of deterioration of bioprosthetic valve is the aim of this study. This case - control study was done on 53 women in the reproductive age who underwent cardiac valve replacement using bioprostheses during 1977- 2001. Twenty seven patients [mean age 22. +/- 7.73 yr] at the time of valve replacement had pregnancy [Group A], and 26 patients [mean age 26.8 +/- 10.9] had no pregnancy after valve replacement [group B]. Mean time of structural valve deterioration, and need for redo valve surgery compared between the two groups. In group A 81.48% of patients underwent mitral valve replacement [MVR], 14.81 aortic valve replacement [AVR], and 3.71% tricuspid valve replacement [TVR]. In group B 84.6% underwent MVR, 11.6% AV R, and 3.81% both MVR and AVR. Fifty six pregnancy occurred in group A which 19.6% of them ended with abortion, 76.8% had normal infant birth 94.64% of pregnancies had no complications and 5.3% had valve degeneration during or 2-4 months after delivery. Average time of freedom from structural valve deterioration in the patients who had pregnancy was 16.60 years and it was 16.74 years in patients who had no pregnancy [P=0.91]. 55.5% of patients in group A underwent redo valve replacement [14.46. +/- 5.4yr] after first operation and 50% in group B after [10.61 +/- 5.63 yr] underwent redo valve replacement. Our finding didn't show any differences in structural valve deterioration time or need for redo valve operation between pregnant and non pregnant patients

[ effect of previous history of Tuberculosis on female infertility in Rooyan institute of infertility patients]

The reason of infertility can have a direct influence on the plan and outcome of management. In this paper we intend to show the effect of tuberculosis [TB] history on female infertility among infertile couples attending to Rooyan infertility management center. In this case-control study our cases were those who were diagnosed as infertile female and controls were those women whose husbands were infertile due to some male factor. We used logestic regression for analyzing the association of history of Tuberculosis and female infertility with attributable risk estimation. 308 cases were compared to 314 controls. Considerng the odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval, there was a asignificant difference between the history of TB and infertiliy [OR=4.7, 95% CI: 1.01-29.91]. The attributable risk of TB for female infertility was 0.023 +/- 0.01 [which is significant at 5% level]. The attributable risk of TB for female infertility was 0.023 +/- 0.01 [which is significant at 5% level. These figures show that at least 2% of female infertility can be prevented by prevention and proper treatment of tuberculosis

[Study of infertile husbands' and wives' point of view to infertility and marital adjustment in patients refering to Royan infertility center of Tehran in 2005]

The rate of infertility is estimated 12-21% in Iranian couples. Cooperation of couples is needed for treatment. One potential risk factor for the development of marital problems is difference between partners in their approach to infertility. The aim of this study was to know the infertile couples' approach to infertility and marital adjustment. In this cross sectional study, 160 infertile couples reffering to Royan infertility center of Tehran were enrroled. The data concerning the infertility approach and marital adjustment were recorded in, Copper Smith self esteem and Dyadic adjustment scale [DAS] questionaire. SPSS soft ware was used for the ststistical analysis of the data. Findings showed that having children was very important to both husbands and wives and both involved in and wanted to talk about trying to have a baby. There was no difference between self esteem and marital adjustment in men and women. There was ststistically significant difference between approach to infertility and marital adjustment in both husbands and wives. Husbands' and wives' approach to infertility and marital adjustment can be used by psychologists in evaluation of infertile couples. Increase of couple interest and involvement in infertility treatment may lead to positive change in couples communication about infertility and to a more positive effect of infertility on the marriage

Fertility risk factors causing breast cancer

Next to lung cancer, breast cancer is the second cause of mortality among women. Although the prevalence of this disease has been increased, but the rate of mortality has not been changed during last three decades, this may be due to early diagnosis at the first stage of disease. The aim of this study is to determine fertility risk factor of breast cancel in women. This research is a case-control study which was performed in 1999 on three educational treatment centers related to Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Tehran. Personal, fertile characteristics in women with breast cancer were determined and compared with control group. 120 patients with breast cancer were selected randomly and compared with 120 healthy women. Results showed that majority [70%] of women with breast cancer were between 35 to 54 years old and there was significant relation between marital status and breast cancer [P < 0.006]. There was no relation between cancer and age of first menstruation, marriage age, number of pregnancy, age of first and last pregnancy, history of multiple pregnancy, history of breast feeding, duration of using OCP and age of menopause. But there was significant relation between number of abortion [P < 0.046]. In this study, risk factors of breast cancer were marital status, and there was a weak relation between number of abortion and breast cancer. Unfortunately some of this factors are not preventable, but for those factors which are manageable, proper program should be provided in order to make people aware of risk factors and ways of their prevention